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TLDCube™ Manual TLD Reader — what the literature says.

Six anchoring citations across the TLDCube's five primary use cases — external-beam radiotherapy dose verification, FLASH / ultra-high-dose-rate proton dosimetry, IAEA / WHO postal dose audit, diagnostic-imaging entrance-skin-dose measurement, MRI-environment personnel monitoring, and EN 1788 food-irradiation verification. Each citation anchors a workflow the TLDCube is bought for.

84%IAEA / WHO postal audit beams within ±5 % — 1,317 beams / 83 countries
± 3%LiF:Mg,Ti dose-rate response — ultra-high-dose-rate proton beams
≤ 2.5%reportable radiotherapy dose bias if CBCT energy dependence uncorrected
Product specsProduct specs
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TLD-100 in-field response — CBCT protocols (2025)
0.82 – 4.80 cGy
Commercial CBCT platform A
in-field max across Head / Thorax / Pelvis
vs
0.06 – 2.69 cGy
Commercial CBCT platform B
in-field max across Head / Thorax / Pelvis
RT-QA · CBCT bleed2025
≤ 2.5%CBCT-driven bias in reported therapeutic dose if TLD energy dependence is left uncorrected — quantified per two commercial CBCT platforms across Head / Thorax / Pelvis protocols

Accounting for TLD response to CBCT protocols in external-beam radiotherapy dose monitoring

Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 26(6):e70103 — White, Hammer, Brenner, DeWerd, Stump, Culberson (UW-Madison)

LiF:Mg,Ti at ultra-high dose rate — Kranzer 2023
± 3%
k = 1 UHDR response
1 – 4500
Gy/s dose-rate range
250 MeV
low-LET proton beam
TLD-100 Microcubes (1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm) packaged in 5 × 5 detector matrices. Establishes LiF:Mg,Ti as viable dose-rate-independent reference for the FLASH-radiotherapy dose-rate window — the point at which chamber-based dosimetry starts to fail.
FLASH / UHDR2023
± 3%LiF:Mg,Ti dose-rate response held within 3% (k = 1) across 1 – 4,500 Gy/s at 250 MeV proton beams — agrees with reference detectors within uncertainty across the full UHDR / FLASH range

Characterization of LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescence detectors in low-LET proton beams at ultra-high dose rates

Physics in Medicine and Biology 68(4):045017 — Kranzer et al. (Paul Scherrer Institute · ETH Zürich)

IAEA / WHO postal audit — 1998 – 2001 cohort
1,317
beam calibrations audited
584
hospitals · 83 countries
2%
typical dose agreement
IAEA/WHO postal TLD audits have checked ~4,000 clinical beams in >1,100 hospitals since 1969. The cohort finding — dose-to-water for photon beams typically agrees within 2 % between hospitals — anchors TLDs as the international currency for radiotherapy dose comparison.
Global audit2003 →
84%of 1,317 audited beams in 584 hospitals across 83 countries were within the ±5 % TLD acceptance limit — the largest continuously-running TLD-based radiotherapy dose-audit programme in the world

The IAEA / WHO TLD postal dose quality audits for radiotherapy

Radiotherapy and Oncology 69(1) — Izewska, Andreo, Vatnitsky, Shortt (IAEA)

TLD-100H ESD on RANDO — Sina 2025
0.27
Chest ESD (mGy)
2.36
Pelvis ESD (mGy)
2.54
Skull ESD (mGy)
Direct-measurement vs indirect-calculation agreement within 3 – 5 %; TLD-100H sensitive to sub-mGy diagnostic entrance-skin doses. Applies the TLD reader to the ALARA / DRL framework that governs routine diagnostic-radiology workload.
Diagnostic imaging2025
~ 3%agreement between TLD-100H direct entrance-skin-dose measurement and dose-calculation software across chest, pelvis and skull DR — within the national diagnostic-reference-level (DRL) framework

Radiation dose assessment in diagnostic imaging using TLD-100H dosimeters and a RANDO phantom — chest, pelvic and skull examinations

Journal of Medical Physics 50(2):385 – 390 — Sina et al. (Shiraz University · Abu Ali Sina Hospital)

TLD-100 badge · 3 T MRI vs shielded control
Reference
Shielded control
standard occupational-monitoring baseline
vs
Unaffected
Inside 3 T MRI
no static-field readout perturbation — enables badge-based personnel monitoring in PET / MRI and MR-linac suites
MRI environment2024
3 T-safeTLD-100 badge readouts stable when the wearer works inside a 3 T MRI environment (relevant to PET/MRI, MR-linac and interventional-MRI staff) — extends the workhorse personal-dosimetry material into the growing MR-hybrid workflow envelope

Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) in a 3 T MRI environment — implications for personnel exposure monitoring

Radiation Protection Dosimetry — Deep et al. (2024)

EN 1788 TL — food-irradiation detection scope
≥ 6 kGy
validated detection threshold
9 months
commercial-timescale range
ILC
interlaboratory-tested
Interlaboratory-tested across herbs, spices and mixtures, shellfish, and fresh + dehydrated fruits and vegetables. Recognised as the leading qualitative TL-detection method for irradiated food in EU + international food-control laboratories.
Food irradiation2001 · 2005
≥ 6 kGyvalidated TL-detection threshold for irradiated herbs, spices and their mixtures over commercial-timescale (up to 9 months) — the reference standard for food-safety irradiation verification laboratories world-wide

Foodstuffs — Thermoluminescence detection of irradiated food from which silicate minerals can be isolated (EN 1788:2001) + interlaboratory validation on spices and mechanically-recovered poultry meat

European Standard EN 1788:2001 · Marchioni et al., J AOAC International 88(4):1338 – 1344 (2005)

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White Papers & Background Reading

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IAEA / WHO TLD Postal Dose Audit Service — programme overview

The world's longest-running TLD-based radiotherapy dose-audit programme. Since 1969, ~4,000 clinical beams in >1,100 hospitals across developing Member States checked using postal TLDs.

Reference · IAEADownload
FILE

EN 1788:2001 — Foodstuffs · Thermoluminescence detection of irradiated food

European Standard specifying the TL analysis method for detecting irradiation treatment of food and food ingredients from which silicate-mineral contamination can be isolated. The regulatory reference for TL-based food-irradiation verification laboratories.

Reference · CENDownload
FILE

AAPM TG-191 — Clinical use of luminescent dosimeters

AAPM Task Group 191 recommendations covering the clinical implementation of TLD and OSL dosimeters — the framework that governs how TLD readouts from a manual reader like the TLDCube feed into a radiotherapy in-vivo dose-verification programme.

Reference · AAPMDownload
FILE

ISO/IEC 17025 — General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories

The accreditation standard behind every NABL personal-dosimetry service in India. TLD readers used for occupational-dose reporting must operate inside an ISO/IEC 17025 quality system.

Reference · ISODownload
FILE

AERB Safety Code No. SC/IR-2 — Personal Dosimetry Services (India)

AERB safety-code framework for personal-dosimetry service laboratories operating in India, including the quality-assurance regime for TLD readout across whole-body and extremity dosimeters.

Reference · AERBDownload

Literature Radar · auto-updated daily

Latest TLD dosimetry research

Fresh peer-reviewed papers on thermoluminescent dosimetry — TLD-100 / TLD-100H / LiF:Mg,Ti / LiF:Mg,Cu,P / CaSO4:Dy readout physics, radiotherapy in-vivo dosimetry, personal monitoring, and food-irradiation verification. Auto-updated from Europe PMC.

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